
               U.S. HISTORICAL DATA ON BANK MARKET STRUCTURE
                        -- Mark D. Flood

The data set is a collection of annual, statewide aggregates for a variety of
bank market structure variables.  Thus, each record (i.e., each row) in the
database is uniquely identified by the values of the ST (state) and YEAR
variables.  The data span the 60 years from 1896 to 1955, and the 50 states
(including the territories of Alaska and Hawaii) plus the District of
Columbia.  There are therefore 3061 (i.e., 51x60, plus one record containing
titles) records in the database.  The record length is 817 columns.  The data
base is sorted in ascending order by year, and then, within each year, in
ascending alphabetical order by state code.

The first record contains the titles of each data series; the data themselves
occupy all subsequent records.  Titles for the data series have the following
naming convention:  titles for data on all banks begin with A_ (e.g., A_TOTASS
is total assets for all banks in the state); titles for data only on
commercial banks begin with C_; titles for data only on national banks begin
with N_.  Except for the item ST, all data are integers.  Missing observations
are recorded as negative numbers (either -3 or -1).  An entry of -3 indicates
that an attempt was made to locate this datum, and that, as far as I can tell,
the number is not available.  An entry of -1 indicates that no serious attempt
has yet been made to find and input the item; the number may or may not be
available.  If a cell is left blank, this means that the variable was reported
for that year, but no observation was reported for that particular state (this
is a common occurence with some of the series taken from the Comptroller's
reports).

Aggregate balance sheet data are taken from All Bank Statistics.  They are
calendar-year-end observations.  There is considerable variation across states
and over time in the legal and institutional structure of banking, as well as
in regard to data availability.  This is particularly true of the data
regarding non-national banks.  The original text contains extensive notes for
each state, describing data availability problems, adjustments made to the
data, institutional peculiarities, etc.  It is strongly recommended that the
user of these data consult the notes in All Bank Statistics before using the
data.

Income statement data are generally available only for national banks.  The
numbers reported here come from the Annual Reports of the Comptroller of the 
Currency.  Data reported here are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal 
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR; prior to 1907, the fiscal year 
ended on August 31.  Therefore, 1907 figures are for the 10 months ending June 
30, 1907.  In any case, the balance sheet observations from All Bank Statistics 
for a given year (say, YEAR=1924) are a snapshot taken at the midpoint of the 
12-month income-statement cycle reported the following year (YEAR=1925).  (More 
exactly, after 1907 the balance sheet observation occurs at the midpoint of the 
fiscal year, and before 1907 it occurs 4 months into the fiscal year; for the 
transition year of 1907, the balance sheet observation for YEAR=1906 occurs 4 
months into the 10-month income-statement cycle for YEAR=1907.)

This database is archived for general reference by the Interuniversity 
Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) at the U. of Michigan.
If you wish to to cite it for bibliographic purposes, the appropriate reference
would therefore be:

Flood, Mark D.  U.S. HISTORICAL DATA ON BANK MARKET STRUCTURE, 1896-1955
[Computer file].  Charlotte, NC:  Mark D. Flood [producer], 1998.  Ann
Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
[distributor], 1998.

If you find any errors or typos, or can help fill gaps in the data, please
contact:

Mark D. Flood
Dept. of Finance and Business Law
Univ. of N. Carolina at Charlotte
9201 University City Blvd.
Charlotte, NC  28223-0001
USA
mdflood@email.uncc.edu

         --------------------------------------------------------

 1 ST           State
Columns:  1-2
Source:  No particular source for this variable
Notes:  Includes the territories of Alaska and Hawaii, and the District of
Columbia.  State abbreviations are the standard two-letter U.S. Postal Service
abbreviations.

 2 YEAR         Year
Columns:  3-7
Source:  No particular source for this variable
Notes:  All data are reported on a calendar year basis.

 3 POPULA       State population
Columns:  8-16
Source:  U.S. Census, as reported in Microsoft Bookshelf 1994 Almanac
Notes:  Decennial figures (e. g., 1900, 1910, etc.) are the standard census
enumerations.  There are very few state-level enumerations between the
decennial censuses for most of the pre-WWII period.  For the intercensus
years, the state population is a simple log-linear interpolation, based on the
two census enumerations that bracket the year.  For example, if the population
of state S in year Y is denoted P(S,Y), then the population of Alabama in 1917
is gotten by P(AL,1917) = P(AL,1910)exp(7r), where the growth rate, r (assumed
to be constant over the decade), is calculated as r = [ln(P(AL,1920)) -
ln(P(AL,1910))]/10.  Each state and each decade is thus assumed to be
independent.  For states with low growth rates, the log-linear interpolation
approximates a linear interpolation.  The constant growth rate assumption may
have at least two shortcomings: (a) it can produce kinks in the time series at
the start of a new decade; and (b) it fails to account for large and abrupt
demographic factors, such as changes in immigration policy or the influenza
epidemic of 1918.

 4 INCOME       State personal income
Columns:  17-25
Source:  Easterlin ??? (triannual average state personal income estimates for
the period 1919-21); Historical Statistics of the United States (annual
national personal income); Standard Statistics Co., Statistical Bulletin --
Base Book section (see item 90, A_DEBITS, below); U.S. Census (annual state
population estimates; see item 3, POPULA, above); Survey of Current Business,
1956 supplement, p. 142 (annual state per capita personal income estimates fo
1929-32).
Notes:  This series is largely an interpolation, as direct annual measures of
state income (however defined) are not available on an annual basis for most
of this period.  Personal income was chosen, simply because some data were
available as a starting point for interpolation.  
     For 1920-30, the interpolation exploits the availability of the bank
debits series, under the maintained assumption that the ratio of personal
income to the bank debits index is a constant over time within a given state: 
G(t+T)=aI(t+T), where G(t) is income and I(t) is the debits index for year t. 
Under this assumption, it is straightforward to forecast from Easterlin's
estimate:  a=3{[G(1919)+G(1920)+G(1921)]/3}/[I(1919)+I(1920)+I(1921)], where
the factor in curly braces is Easterlin's estimate.  Similarly, a rearcast was
constructed from the end of the decade numbers (population x per capita
personal income).  For the rearcast, a biannual average for the 1930-31 period
was constructed for each state (a la Easterlin), to reduce the idiosyncratic
effects of a specific year.  Both the annual forecasts and rearcasts were then
rescaled, so that the sum across states for a given year equalled the national
total for personal income, as reported in the Survey of Current Business
(1956).  Finally, the rescaled forecasts, GF(t), and rearcasts, GR(t), were
combined in a weighted average for each year:  G*(t)=b(t)GF(t)+[1-b(t)]GR(t),
where b(t) declines linearly from b(1920)=1 to b(1930)=0.  Because the
interpolations depend on the A_DEBITS series, the caveats that apply to
Vermont and Mississippi for that series carry over here.  Also, for values of
the bank debits index are unavailable for 8 other states in 1919 (AZ, ME, ND,
NH, NJ, SD, WV and WY, plus MS and VT).  For those states, the estimate of the
proportionality factor, a, used in the forecasts is:  a =
2{[G(1920)+G(1921)]/2}/[I(1920)+I(1921)], where Easterlin's triannual average
is used as a proxy for the biannual average in the numerator.
     For 1931-32, the estimate comes directly from the per capita income
figures (POPULA x annual statewide per capita income), rescaled so that the
state totals add up to the national total as reported in the Survey of Current
Business (1956).

 5 BRANCH       State branching law
Columns:  26-34
Source:  ???

 6 NOFACIL      Number of banking facilities in the state      
Columns:  35-43
Source:  ???

 7 N_TOTLN      Total loans       
Columns:  44-52
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

 8 N_TOTRE      Total real estate loans      
Columns:  53-61
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  From 1939 onward, real estate loans reported in All Bank Statistics
are broken down into three subcategories (farm, residential and other).  For
this later period, total real estate loans are calculated as the sum of the
three reported subcategories.

 9 N_REFRM      Real estate loans - farm      
Columns:  62-70
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  All Bank Statistics did not report this series prior to 1939.

10 N_RERES      Real estate loans - residential      
Columns:  71-79
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  All Bank Statistics did not report this series prior to 1939.

11 N_REOTH      Real estate loans - other      
Columns:  80-88
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  All Bank Statistics did not report this series prior to 1939.

12 N_COLLAT     Collateral loans      
Columns:  89-97
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

13 N_OTHLN      All other loans       
Columns:  98-106
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

14 N_OTHLNI     Other loans to individuals      
Columns:  107-115
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

15 N_TOTINV     Total investments        
Columns:  116-124
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

16 N_GOVTSEC    Gov't securities       
Columns:  125-133
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  All Bank Statistics reports series on the securities holdings of
banks, including U.S. Gov't securities and State and local obligations.  The
series reported here is backed out by calculating the difference between items
15 and 18:  N_GOVTSEC = N_TOTINV - N_OTHSEC.  Separate numbers for a) U.S.
Gov't and b) State and local securities are available in All Bank Statistics,
but were not input here.

17 N_OTHSEC     Other securities      
Columns:  134-142
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

18 N_CASH       Cash assets (reserves + currency + collection items)      
Columns:  143-151
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

19 N_OTHASS     Other assets      
Columns:  152-160
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

20 N_TOTASS     Total assets      
Columns:  161-169
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

21 N_TOTDEP     Total deposits      
Columns:  170-178
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

22 N_DEPIBK     Interbank deposits      
Columns:  179-187
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

23 N_DEPGOVT    U.S. Gov't deposits      
Columns:  188-196
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

24 N_DEPOTHD    Other demand deposits      
Columns:  197-205
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

25 N_DEPOTHT    Other time deposits      
Columns:  206-214
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

26 N_BORR       Borrowings       
Columns:  215-223
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

27 N_BKNOTES    National bank notes          
Columns:  224-232
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

28 N_OTHLIAB    Other liabilities       
Columns:  233-241
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

29 N_CAP        Capital      
Columns:  242-250
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

30 N_SURP       Surplus      
Columns:  251-259
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

31 N_TOTLIAB    Total liabilities and equity      
Columns:  260-268
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

32 N_NOBNKS     Number of national banks      
Columns:  269-277
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

33 A_TOTLN      Total loans       
Columns:  278-286
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

34 A_TOTRE      Total real estate loans      
Columns:  287-295
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  From 1939 onward, real estate loans reported in All Bank Statistics
are broken down into three subcategories (farm, residential and other).  For
this later period, total real estate loans are calculated as the sum of the
three reported subcategories.

35 A_REFRM      Real estate loans - farm      
Columns:  296-304
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  All Bank Statistics did not report this series prior to 1939.

36 A_RERES      Real estate loans - residential      
Columns:  305-313
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  All Bank Statistics did not report this series prior to 1939.

37 A_REOTH      Real estate loans - other      
Columns:  314-322
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  All Bank Statistics did not report this series prior to 1939.

38 A_OTHLNI     Other loans to individuals      
Columns:  323-331
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

39 A_TOTINV     Total investments      
Columns:  332-340
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

40 A_GOVTSEC    Gov't securities       
Columns:  341-349
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  All Bank Statistics reports series on the securities holdings of
banks, including U.S. Gov't securities and State and local obligations.  The
series reported here is backed out by calculating the difference between items
39 and 41:  A_GOVTSEC = A_TOTINV - A_OTHSEC.  Separate numbers for a) U.S.
Gov't and b) State and local securities are available in All Bank Statistics,
but were not input here.

41 A_OTHSEC     Other securities       
Columns:  350-358
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

42 A_CASH       Cash assets (reserves + currency + collection items)      
Columns:  359-367
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

43 A_OTHASS     Other assets       
Columns:  368-376
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

44 A_TOTASS     Total assets 
Columns:  377-385
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

45 A_TOTDEP     Total deposits      
Columns:  386-394
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

46 A_DEPIBK     Interbank deposits      
Columns:  395-403
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

47 A_DEPGOVT    U.S. Gov't deposits      
Columns:  404-412
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

48 A_DEPOTHD    Other demand deposits      
Columns:  413-421
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

49 A_DEPOTHT    Other time deposits      
Columns:  422-430
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

50 A_BORR       Borrowings       
Columns:  431-439
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

51 A_BKNOTES    National bank notes          
Columns:  440-448
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

52 A_OTHLIAB    Other liabilities      
Columns:  449-457
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

53 A_CAP        Capital      
Columns:  458-466
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

54 A_SURP       Surplus      
Columns:  467-475
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

55 A_TOTLIAB    Total liabilities & equity      
Columns:  476-484
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

56 A_NOBNKS     No. of banks      
Columns:  485-493
Source:  All Bank Statistics
Notes:  

57 N_INTD       Interest and discount      
Columns:  494-502
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.
For this series, the column headings in the Comptoller's reports are as
follows:
1918-1926, "Interest and discount"
1927, "Interest and discounts on loans" + "Interest (including dividends) on
     investments" + "Interest on balances with other banks" + "Interest not
     classified"
1928-1932, "Interest and discounts on loans" + "Interest (including dividends)
     on investments" + "Interest on balances with other banks"
1933-1938, "Interest and discounts on loans" + "Interest and dividends on
     bonds, stocks, and other securities" + "Interest on balances with other
     banks"
Note that for 1927 only, there is an additional category, "Interest not
classified".

58 N_INTDLN     Interest and discounts on loans      
Columns:  503-511
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.
This series is available only after 1926.  It, together with N_INTDINV (item
59) and N_INTIBK (item 60) is a component of N_INTD (item 57).

59 N_INTDINV    Interest (including dividends) on investments      
Columns:  512-520
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.
For this series, the column headings in the Comptoller's reports are as
follows:
1927-1932, "Interest (including dividends) on investments" 
1933-1938, "Interest and dividends on bonds, stocks, and other securities"
This series is available only after 1926.  It, together with N_INTDLN (item
58) and N_INTIBK (item 60) is a component of N_INTD (item 57).

60 N_INTIBK     Interest on balances with other banks      
Columns:  521-529
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.
This series is available only after 1926.  It, together with N_INTDLN (item
58) and N_INTDINV (item 59) is a component of N_INTD (item 57).

61 N_XCCOLL     Exchange and collection charges      
Columns:  530-538
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

62 N_FXPROF     Profits of foreign exchange department      
Columns:  539-547
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

63 N_INSUR      Commissions and earnings from insurance premiums and the
negotiation of real estate loans
Columns:  548-556
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

64 N_TRUST      Trust department profits      
Columns:  557-565
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

65 N_SECPROF    Profits on securities sold       
Columns:  566-574
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

66 N_OTHEARN    Other earnings      
Columns:  575-583
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

67 N_GRSEARN    Total gross earnings      
Columns:  584-592
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR; prior to 1907, the fiscal year
ended on August 31.  Therefore, 1907 figures are for the 10 months ending June
30, 1907.  Data are in measured in thousands of dollars.

68 N_SALARY     Salaries and wages        
Columns:  593-601
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

69 N_INTDBOR    Interest and discount on borrowed money      
Columns:  602-610
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

70 N_INTDEP     Interest on deposits       
Columns:  611-619
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.
For this series, the column headings in the Comptoller's reports are as
follows:
1918-1926, "Interest on deposits"
1927, "Interest on bank deposits" + "Interest on demand deposits" + "Interest
     on time deposits" + "Interest not classified"
1928-1932, "Interest on bank deposits" + "Interest on demand deposits" +
     "Interest on time deposits" 
1933-1938, "Interest on deposits of other banks" + "Interest on other demand
     deposits" + "Interest on other time deposits" 
Note that for 1927 only, there is an additional category, "Interest not
classified".

71 N_INTBKD     Interest on bank deposits      
Columns:  620-628
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.
For this series, the column headings in the Comptoller's reports are as
follows:
1927-1932, "Interest on bank deposits"
1933-1938, "Interest on deposits of other banks" 
This series is available only after 1926.  It, together with N_INTDD (item 72)
and N_INTTD (item 73), is a component of N_INTDEP (item 70).

72 N_INTDD      Interest on demand deposits      
Columns:  629-637
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.
For this series, the column headings in the Comptoller's reports are as
follows:
1927-1932, "Interest on demand deposits" 
1933-1938, "Interest on other demand deposits" 
This series is available only after 1926.  It, together with N_INTBKD (item
71) and N_INTTD (item 73), is a component of N_INTDEP (item 70).

73 N_INTTD      Interest on time deposits      
Columns:  638-646
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.
For this series, the column headings in the Comptoller's reports are as
follows:
1927-1932, "Interest on time deposits" 
1933-1938, "Interest on other time deposits" 
This series is available only after 1926.  It, together with N_INTBKD (item
71) and N_INTDD (item 72), is a component of N_INTDEP (item 70).

74 N_TAX        Taxes      
Columns:  647-655
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

75 N_OTHEXP     Other expenses      
Columns:  656-664
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

76 N_TOTEXP     Total expenses paid       
Columns:  665-673
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR; prior to 1907, the fiscal year
ended on August 31.  Therefore, 1907 figures are for the 10 months ending June
30, 1907.  Data are in measured in thousands of dollars.  For this series, the
column headings in the Comptoller's reports are as follows:
1914-1917, "Charged off:  Expenses and taxes".
1918-1919, "Expenses paid:  Total expenses paid".
1920-1932, "Expenses:  Total expenses paid".
1933, "Expenses:  Total current expenses" (in the Comptroller's report for
     1933 there is a separate category entitled, "Withdrawals from reserves
     for expenses of previous periods accrued and unpaid"; this variable was
     not input here). 
1934-1935, "Expenses:  Total expenses".

77 N_RECCOA     Recoveries on charged-off assets      
Columns:  674-682
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

78 N_RECLD      Recoveries on loans and discounts      
Columns:  683-691
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

79 N_RECSEC     Recoveries on bonds, securities, etc.      
Columns:  692-700
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

80 N_CHGLN      Charge-offs:  On loans and discounts 
Columns:  701-709
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

81 N_CHGSEC     Charge-offs:  On bonds, securities, etc.       
Columns:  710-718
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

82 N_CHGFIX     Charge-offs:  On banking house, furniture, and fixtures      
Columns:  719-727
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

83 N_CHGTRU     Charge-offs:  On trust department operations       
Columns:  728-736
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.
This series is reported by the Comptroller only for the period 1924-1927.

84 N_OTHLOSS    Charge-offs:  Other losses      
Columns:  737-745
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

85 N_CHGFX      Charge-offs:  On foreign exchange     
Columns:  746-754
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR.  Data are in measured in
thousands of dollars.

86 N_CHGTOT     Total losses charged off      
Columns:  755-763
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR; prior to 1907, the fiscal year
ended on August 31.  Therefore, 1907 figures are for the 10 months ending June
30, 1907.  Data are in measured in thousands of dollars.  For this series, the
column headings in the Comptoller's reports are as follows:
1914-1916, "Charged off:  Losses and premiums".
1917, "Charged off:  Losses etc.".
1918-1926, "Losses charged off:  Total losses charged off".
1927-1932, "Losses and depreciation charged off:  Total losses charged off".
1933, "Losses and depreciation:  Total current period" (in the Comptroller's
     report for 1933 there is a separate category entitled, "Withdrawals from
     reserves for depreciation of previous periods on real estate"; this
     variable was not input here). 
1934-1935, "Losses and depreciation:  Total".

87 N_DIVID      Dividends       
Columns:  764-772
Source:  Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Notes:  Income statement data are for the fiscal year.  After 1906, the fiscal
year was the 12 months ending June 30 of YEAR; prior to 1907, the fiscal year
ended on August 31.  Therefore, 1907 figures are for the 10 months ending June
30, 1907.  Data are in measured in thousands of dollars.

88 N_FAIL       Suspensions of national banks      
Columns:  773-781
Source:  Banking and Monetary Statistics
Notes:  Data are available in Banking and Monetary Statistics only for the
years 1921-1941.  Numbers for other years may be available elsewhere, for
example in the Annual Reports of the Comptroller of the Currency.

89 C_FAIL       Suspensions of commercial banks      
Columns:  782-790
Source:  Banking and Monetary Statistics
Notes:  Data are aggregates for all commercial banks, including national
banks.  Data are available in Banking and Monetary Statistics only for the
years 1921-1941.  

90 N_FAILASS    Loans and investments in suspended national banks      
Columns:  791-799
Source:  E. Goldenweiser, Bank Suspensions in the United States, Federal
Reserve Board, typescript, 1933, appendix, table VI.
Notes:  Amounts are in $1,000s.  Goldenweiser does not explicitly note the
source of these data in his table VI, but in notes to his table I he mentions
schedules prepared by both the Committee on Branch, Chain, and Group Banking,
and by the Federal Reserve Board.  In his words, "suspension" as used by both
the Board and the Committee is defined as "... all banks closed to the public
either temporarily or permanently by supervisory authorities or by boards of
directors on account of financial difficulties. The figures do not include 
banks closed temporarily under special 'moratorium' holidays declared by 
civil authorities, nor banks which, without cessation of business, obtained
depositors' agreements for the waiver or deferment of deposits."

91 C_FAILASS    Loans and investments in suspended national and state banks  
Columns:  800-808
Source:  E. Goldenweiser, Bank Suspensions in the United States, Federal
Reserve Board, typescript, 1933, appendix, table VI.
Notes:  Amounts are in $1,000s.  Goldenweiser does not explicitly note the
source of these data in his table VI, but in notes to his table I he mentions
schedules prepared by both the Committee on Branch, Chain, and Group Banking,
and by the Federal Reserve Board.  In his words, "suspension" as used by both
the Board and the Committee is defined as "... all banks closed to the public
either temporarily or permanently by supervisory authorities or by boards of
directors on account of financial difficulties. The figures do not include 
banks closed temporarily under special 'moratorium' holidays declared by 
civil authorities, nor banks which, without cessation of business, obtained
depositors' agreements for the waiver or deferment of deposits." 

92 A_DEBITS     Bank debits
Columns:  809-817
Source:  Standard Statistics Co., Statistical Bulletin -- Base Book section
Notes:  Data are total bank debits for each state for each year, useful as a
proxy measure of annual nominal state income (see item 4, INCOME, above).  It 
is unclear whether the year is the fiscal or calendar year (if anyone knows, 
please drop me a line!).  Debits are stated as an index, relative to a base
period index for each state:  1920-1924 = 100.  Standard Statistics split the
data for NY into two series, one for New York City, and the other for the rest
of the state; the upstate series is reported here.  
     Data are missing altogether for AK, DC, HA and VT.  Data are missing for
1919-21 for MS.  For VT, the index was approximated each year as the simple
average of the index values for the three neighboring states (MA, NH and NY). 
For MS, the 1919-21 values were set equal to the AL values for those years,
since AL is the neighboring state whose values most closely match MS's in the
remainder of the sample.  1919 data are missing for 10 states (AZ, ME, ND, NH,
NJ, SD, WV and WY, plus MS and VT).  
